Collins, P. H. (2019). Intersectionality as Critical Social Theory. Duke University Press. dónde podria meterla en Migrant women's entrepreneurship is a key social phenomenon that influences integration, economic and social autonomy, and gender equity in contemporary Spanish society. Understanding it is particularly relevant in a context of increasing migration, social inequality, and policy debates around inclusion and economic resilience. As a significant segment of the population, migrant women contribute actively to local economies and community development; however, they continue to face intersecting inequalities shaped by gender, race, class, and migratory status. These overlapping barriers produce forms of exclusion from the entrepreneurial ecosystem that cannot be fully understood through single-axis frameworks, requiring multidimensional and intersectional approaches. (Crenshaw, 1989). Intersectionality not only reflects the complexity of these inequalities, but also amplifies processes of discrimination and marginalization that hinder access, sustainability, and success in entrepreneurial activity. While literature on intersectionality and migrant women’s entrepreneurship is growing, few studies provide in-depth insight into the specific variables that shape inequality in Spain. This research integrates theories of intersectionality and the production of space (Lefebvre, 1974; Massey, 2005) to analyze how economic and spatial structures condition migrant women’s access to capital, markets, and networks. This study explores how migrant women use entrepreneurship not only as a response to economic necessity and a survival strategy, but as a pathway to empowerment, resistance, and well-being. It will generate original quantitative data through a structured survey, offering empirical insight into the social and spatial dynamics that shape entrepreneurial trajectories across different regions in Spain. Adopting an intersectional and spatial perspective, the study investigates how migrant women navigate structural barriers and access opportunities. It examines the role of social capital and support networks—including ethnic business associations, peer mentoring, religious groups, and NGO-led programs—in promoting business sustainability and personal growth. These networks often compensate for limited institutional support by facilitating access to financial resources, entrepreneurial training, and market opportunities. Beyond economic outcomes, the study evaluates psychological and social dimensions of entrepreneurship, such as financial stress, mental health, work-life balance, and perceived empowerment. It also considers generational differences in entrepreneurial motivations and resilience strategies. By addressing both intersectional inequalities and spatial dynamics, this research reframes migrant women’s entrepreneurship not as mere survival, but as a driver of economic autonomy, sustainable development, and collective well-being. The findings will inform inclusive policy recommendations to strengthen institutional support and foster a more equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem at both national and local levels.. quitando a (Crenshaw, 1989)
Puedes integrar la referencia a Collins (2019) en tu texto de la siguiente manera:
Migrant women's entrepreneurship is a key social phenomenon that influences integration, economic and social autonomy, and gender equity in contemporary Spanish society. Understanding it is particularly relevant in a context of increasing migration, social inequality, and policy debates around inclusion and economic resilience. As a significant segment of the population, migrant women contribute actively to local economies and community development; however, they continue to face intersecting inequalities shaped by gender, race, class, and migratory status. These overlapping barriers produce forms of exclusion from the entrepreneurial ecosystem that cannot be fully understood through single-axis frameworks, requiring multidimensional and intersectional approaches (Collins, 2019). Intersectionality not only reflects the complexity of these inequalities, but also amplifies processes of discrimination and marginalization that hinder access, sustainability, and success in entrepreneurial activity.
While literature on intersectionality and migrant women’s entrepreneurship is growing, few studies provide in-depth insight into the specific variables that shape inequality in Spain. This research integrates theories of intersectionality and the production of space (Lefebvre, 1974; Massey, 2005) to analyze how economic and spatial structures condition migrant women’s access to capital, markets, and networks.
This study explores how migrant women use entrepreneurship not only as a response to economic necessity and a survival strategy, but as a pathway to empowerment, resistance, and well-being. It will generate original quantitative data through a structured survey, offering empirical insight into the social and spatial dynamics that shape entrepreneurial trajectories across different regions in Spain.
Adopting an intersectional and spatial perspective, the study investigates how migrant women navigate structural barriers and access opportunities. It examines the role of social capital and support networks—including ethnic business associations, peer mentoring, religious groups, and NGO-led programs—in promoting business sustainability and personal growth. These networks often compensate for limited institutional support by facilitating access to financial resources, entrepreneurial training, and market opportunities.
Beyond economic outcomes, the study evaluates psychological and social dimensions of entrepreneurship, such as financial stress, mental health, work-life balance, and perceived empowerment. It also considers generational differences in entrepreneurial motivations and resilience strategies.
By addressing both intersectional inequalities and spatial dynamics, this research reframes migrant women’s entrepreneurship not as mere survival, but as a driver of economic autonomy, sustainable development, and collective well-being. The findings will inform inclusive policy recommendations to strengthen institutional support and foster a more equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem at both national and local levels.
De esta manera, la referencia a Collins se incorpora de forma fluida en el contexto de la discusión sobre la interseccionalidad y las desigualdades que enfrentan las mujeres migrantes en el ámbito del emprendimiento.